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使用镜像缓存 CRD 加速创建 Pod - 弹性容器实例

作者:admin 2021-09-16 我要评论

ECI容器组实例创建过程中,大部分时间消耗在镜像下载阶段,为加速ECI容器组创建速度,ECI提供镜像缓存功能,用户事先将需要用到的镜像作为云盘快照缓存,在创建E...

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ECI容器组实例创建过程中,大部分时间消耗在镜像下载阶段,为加速ECI容器组创建速度,ECI提供镜像缓存功能,用户事先将需要用到的镜像作为云盘快照缓存,在创建ECI容器组实例时基于快照创建,避免或减少镜像层下载,从而提升ECI容器组实例创建速度。经实测,基于dockerhub的flink镜像(386.26 MB)创建Pod,普通创建eci过程中,镜像准备阶段需要耗费50s,使用镜像快照后镜像准备阶段仅需5s。因此在创建eci过程中,镜像准备阶段节省时间45s。具体的提升速度跟Pod使用的镜像个数,镜像大小和镜像仓库网络因素决定。

为方便kubernetes用户也可以使用到ECI的镜像缓存功能,因此以CRD的方式将ECI镜像缓存功能暴露给kubernetes用户。重点强调:ImageCache CRD在kubernetes集群中为Cluster级别的资源,类似于PV,被集群内所有namespace共享。

准备工作

验证您的kubernetes集群是否支持ImageCache。输入以下命令:

kubectl get crd/imagecaches.eci.alibabacloud.com
  • 如果您的kubernetes集群已经支持ImageCache,系统输出如下结果:

NAME                                                CREATED AT
imagecaches.eci.alibabacloud.com   2019-09-27T01:15:07Z

  • 如果您的kubernetes集群不支持ImageCache,需要升级virtual-kubelet实现支持ImageCache,系统输出如下结果:

Error from server (NotFound): customresourcedefinitions.apiextensions.k8s.io "imagecaches.eci.alibabacloud.com" not found

virtual-kubelet升级方式:

  • 阿里云 serverless kubernetes集群:由管理员统一负责升级

  • 阿里云 托管 kubernetes集群:用户更新

  • 阿里云 专有 kubernetes集群:用户更新

  • 阿里云 自建 kubernetes集群:用户更新

准备工作完成后,您可以在您的kubernetes集群中,创建ImageCache资源,并且可以使用ImageCache创建Pod。

如果您的集群的ImageCache CRD不是最新的,不支持ImageCache CRD新增的参数,建议升级完virtual-kubelet后,输入以下命令:

kubectl apply -f imagecache-crd-sample.yaml

imagecache-crd-sample.yaml:

apiVersion: apiextensions.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: CustomResourceDefinition
metadata:
  name: imagecaches.eci.alibabacloud.com
spec:
  group: eci.alibabacloud.com
  version: v1
  names:
    kind: ImageCache
    plural: imagecaches
    shortNames:
    - ic
    categories:
    - all
  scope: Cluster
  subresources:
    status: {}
  validation:
    openAPIV3Schema:
      required:
      - spec
      properties:
        spec:
          type: object
          required:
          - images
          properties:
            imagePullSecrets:
              type: array
              items:
                type: string
            images:
              minItems: 1
              type: array
              items:
                type: string
            imageCacheSize:
              type: integer
            retentionDays:
              type: integer
  additionalPrinterColumns:
  - name: Age
    type: date
    JSONPath: .metadata.creationTimestamp
  - name: CacheId
    type: string
    JSONPath: .status.imageCacheId
  - name: Phase
    type: string
    JSONPath: .status.phase
  - name: Progress
    type: string
    JSONPath: .status.progress

ImageCache基本操作

创建CustomResourceDefinition对象后,您可以操作ImageCache资源。

ImageCache全参数YAML文件:

apiVersion: eci.alibabacloud.com/v1
kind: ImageCache
metadata:
  name: imagecache-sample
  annotations:
    k8s.aliyun.com/eci-image-cache: "true" #开启镜像缓存复用
spec:
  images:
  - centos:latest
  - busybox:latest
  imagePullSecrets:
  - default:secret1
  - default:secret2
  - kube-system:secret3
  imageCacheSize:
   25
  retentionDays:
   7
                        

参数说明:

名称

类型

必选

描述

spec.images

[]string

Y

镜像列表。

spec.imagePullSecrets

[]string

N

镜像仓库对应的Secret列表, 格式:。如果images列表中有用户私有仓库镜像,需要用户为私有镜像仓库创建secret,然后根据namespace:secretName格式,设置此参数。如若images中均是共有镜像,不需要设置此参数。

spec.imageCacheSize

int

N

镜像缓存使用的快照盘大小,默认为20 GB,取值范围为:[20, 32768],单位为GB。

spec.retentionDays

int

N

镜像缓存保留的时间,取值范围[1,65536],默认永不过期。

创建ImageCache

说明

如果您已经创建过镜像缓存,且新创建的镜像缓存与已有镜像缓存存在重复的镜像层,可通过开启自动匹配加速镜像拉取的时间从而加速镜像缓存的创建。

输入以下命令创建ImageCahce:

# kubectl create -f  imagecache-secrets-test.yaml

创建ImageCahce完成后,系统输出类似如下结果:

apiVersion: eci.alibabacloud.com/v1
kind: ImageCache
metadata:
  name: imagecache-sample-liu
  annotations:
    k8s.aliyun.com/eci-image-cache: "true" #开启镜像缓存复用
spec:
  images:
  - centos:latest
  - busybox:latest
  imagePullSecrets:
  - default:secret1
  - default:secret2
  - kube-system:secret3
  imageCacheSize:
   25
  retentionDays:
   7

如果查看ImageCache状态,输入以下命令:

liumihustdeMacBook-Pro:vk-debug liumihust$ kubectl get imagecache imagecache-sample-liu

系统输出类似如下结果:

NAME                              AGE   CACHEID                               PHASE   PROGRESS
imagecache-sample-liu   20h   imc-2zeditzeoemfhqor4rf8   Ready    100%

查询ImageCache

如果获取Cluster下全部ImageCache列表,输入以下命令:

kubectl get imagecache imagecache-sample-liu -o yaml

如果查看ImageCache详情(包括属性、状态以及事件),输入以下命令:

kubectl get imagecache/imagecache-secrets-test -o yaml

系统输出类似如下结果:

apiVersion: eci.alibabacloud.com/v1
kind: ImageCache
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: "2019-10-24T13:40:56Z"
  generation: 1
  name: imagecache-sample-liu
  resourceVersion: "212484735"
  selfLink: /apis/eci.alibabacloud.com/v1/imagecaches/imagecache-sample-liu
  uid: e83a1c53-f663-11e9-a0d4-fa13fc175b32
spec:
  imageCacheSize: 25
  images:
  - busybox:latest
  - nginx
status:
  events:
  - count: 1
    eventTime: null
    firstTimestamp: "2019-10-24T13:41:40Z"
    involvedObject: {}
    lastTimestamp: "2019-10-24T13:41:40Z"
    message: Success pull image busybox:latest
    metadata:
      creationTimestamp: null
      name: busybox:latest
    reportingComponent: ""
    reportingInstance: ""
    source:
      component: kubelet
      host: eci
    type: Normal
  - count: 1
    eventTime: null
    firstTimestamp: "2019-10-24T13:42:04Z"
    involvedObject: {}
    lastTimestamp: "2019-10-24T13:42:04Z"
    message: Success pull image nginx
    metadata:
      creationTimestamp: null
      name: nginx
    reportingComponent: ""
    reportingInstance: ""
    source:
      component: kubelet
      host: eci
    type: Normal
  - count: 1
    eventTime: null
    firstTimestamp: "2019-10-24T13:42:06Z"
    involvedObject: {}
    lastTimestamp: "2019-10-24T13:42:06Z"
    message: Success pull image registry-vpc.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/acs/pause-amd64:3.0
    metadata:
      creationTimestamp: null
      name: registry-vpc.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/acs/pause-amd64:3.0
    reportingComponent: ""
    reportingInstance: ""
    source:
      component: kubelet
      host: eci
    type: Normal
  imageCacheId: imc-2zeditzeoemfhqor4rf8
  expireDateTime: "2019-10-25T13:40:54Z"
  lastUpdatedTime: "2019-10-24T13:44:17Z"
  phase: Ready
  progress: 100%
  startTime: "2019-10-24T13:40:58Z"

ImageCache快速创建Pod

ImageCache资源是Cluster级别的,所以在不同的namespace下创建Pod都可以使用ImageCache实现创建Pod。

使用ImageCache快速创建Pod有两种使用方式:

  • 明确指定方式:在创建pod时,明确的指定使用哪个ImageCacheId创建Pod。

  • 自动匹配方式:在创建Pod时,根据匹配策略自动选择最优的ImageCache创建Pod。

明确指定方式

这种使用方式,有一个前提条件就是ImageCache状态必须为Ready状态,其他状态的ImageCache会导致Pod创建失败。

Deployment使用方式

在PodTemplate增加Annotation关联ImageCache:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-deployment
  labels:
    app: nginx
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx
      annotations:
        k8s.aliyun.com/eci-image-snapshot-id: imc-2ze5tm5gehgtiigaz5jh
    spec:
      nodeName: virtual-kubelet
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx:1.7.9
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent

Pod使用方式

在Pod的Yaml文件中增加Annotation关联ImageCache:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  annotations:
    k8s.aliyun.com/eci-image-snapshot-id: imc-2ze5tm5gehgtiigaz5jh
  name: nginx-imagecache-id
spec:
  containers:
  - image: nginx:1.7.9
    imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
    name: nginx
    resources:
      limits:
        cpu: 300m
        memory: 200Mi
      requests:
        cpu: 200m
        memory: 100Mi
  nodeName: virtual-kubelet

自动匹配方式

在创建Pod时,用户通过Annotation方式,声明使用自动匹配ImageCache方式快速创建Pod,ECI管控基于用户已有的ImageCache列表依据策略进行匹配,匹配出最优的ImageCache创建Pod。如果没有匹配到合适的ImageCache,执行正常下载镜像创建Pod流程。

目前匹配策略的优先级从高到底:

  • 镜像匹配度

  • 匹配的镜像大小

  • 创建时间

Deployment使用方式

在PodTemplate增加Annotation关联ImageCache,告知ECI管控在创建Pod时是否启用自动匹配ImageCache:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-deployment
  labels:
    app: nginx
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx
      annotations:
        k8s.aliyun.com/eci-image-cache: "true"
    spec:
      nodeName: virtual-kubelet
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx:1.7.9
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent

Pod使用方式

基于Annotation方式,在Pod的Yaml文件中增加Annotation:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  annotations:
    k8s.aliyun.com/eci-image-cache: "true"
  name: nginx-auto-match
spec:
  containers:
  - image: nginx:1.7.9
    imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
    name: nginx
    resources:
      limits:
        cpu: 300m
        memory: 200Mi
      requests:
        cpu: 200m
        memory: 100Mi
  nodeName: virtual-kubelet

使用建议

  • Pod中容器的image建议采用ImageCache中镜像,提高匹配度。

  • Pod中容器的ImagePullPolicy建议设置为IfNotPresent,避免镜像层重复下载。

说明
  • 在创建Pod时,k8s.aliyun.com/eci-image-snapshot-idk8s.aliyun.com/eci-image-cache同时设置时,明确指定方式优先级高于自动匹配方式。

  • 如果是deployment,使用cache的Annotation应该放在pod级别,而不是放在deployment级别,否则会设置失效。

删除ImageCache

删除ImageCache时,不影响基于ImageCache创建成功的Pod实例。

  1. 查看ImageCache,执行如下命令:

    kubectl get imagecache/imagecache-secrets-test

    系统输出类似如下结果:

    NAME                                AGE   CACHEID                                 PHASE   PROGRESS
    imagecache-secrets-test   14h   imc-2ze5tm5gehgtjru0kfm8   Ready    100%
  2. 删除ImageCache,执行如下命令:

    kubectl delete imagecache/imagecache-secrets-test

    系统输出类似如下结果:

    imagecache.eci.alibabacloud.com " imagecache-secrets-test" deleted
    kubectl get imagecache/ imagecache-secrets-test
    Error from server (NotFound): imagecaches.eci.alibabacloud.com " imagecache-secrets-test" not found        
  3. 确认ImageCache是否删除。执行如下命令:

    kubectl get imagecache/ imagecache-secrets-test

    系统输出类似如下结果表明ImageCache已删除。

    Error from server (NotFound): imagecaches.eci.alibabacloud.com " imagecache-secrets-test" not found

kubernetes ImageCache API文档

Group

Version

Kind

eci.alibabacloud.com

v1

ImageCache。

ImageCache v1 eci.alibabacloud.com

ImageCacheList:

Field

Type

Description

apiVersion

string

api版本: eci.alibabacloud.com/v1

kind

string

资源类别: ImageCacheList

metadata

ListMeta

Standard list metadata。

Items

[]ImageCache

镜像缓存列表。

ImageCache:

Field

Type

Description

apiVersion

string

api版本: eci.alibabacloud.com/v1

kind

string

资源类别: ImageCache

metadata

ObjectMeta

对象metadata。

spec

ImageCacheSpec

镜像缓存详细信息。

status

ImageCacheStatus

镜像缓存状态信息。

ImageCacheSpec:

Field

Type

Request

Description

images

[]string

Y

镜像缓存的镜像列表。

imagePullSecrets

[]string

N

私有镜像仓库对应的Secret列表,格式:namespace:secretName

imageCacheSize

int

N

镜像缓存的大小,默认为20 GB,取值范围为:[20, 32768],单位为GB。

retentionDays

int

N

镜像缓存保留的时间,取值范围[1,65536],默认永不过期。

ImageCacheStatus:

Field

Type

Description

phase

string

镜像缓存状态。

progress

string

标示制作过程中进度。

imageCacheId

string

镜像缓存ID,调用Provdier的Create操作返回,然后更新到ImageCache对象。

startTime

Time

镜像缓存对象创建时间。

lastUpdatedTime

Time

镜像缓存最后更新时间。

events

[]Event

制作镜像cache过程中的事件信息。

expireDateTime

Time

镜像缓存的过期时间,有两种来源:1、用户设置了retentionDays;2、制作失败的镜像缓存自动在24小时后过期。

CreateImageCache

创建镜像缓存对象。

Http Request

POST /apis/eci.alibabacloud.com/v1/imagecaches

curl request example

curl -X POST -H 'Content-Type: application/yaml' --data '
apiVersion: eci.alibabacloud.com/v1
kind: ImageCache
metadata:
  name: imagecache-secrets-test
spec:
  images:
  - registry.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/baz/nginx:1.0
  imagePullSecrets:
  - default:acr-test
' http://127.0.0.1:8001/apis/eci.alibabacloud.com/v1/imagecaches

curl response example

{
  "apiVersion": "eci.alibabacloud.com/v1",
  "kind": "ImageCache",
  "metadata": {
    "creationTimestamp": "2019-10-10T03:50:47Z",
    "generation": 1,
    "name": "imagecache-secrets-test",
    "resourceVersion": "647052328",
    "selfLink": "/apis/eci.alibabacloud.com/v1/imagecaches/imagecache-secrets-test11",
    "uid": "2506ba37-eb11-11e9-9576-f2ef49bf1a08"
  },
  "spec": {
    "imagePullSecrets": [
      "default:acr-test"
    ],
    "images": [
      "registry.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/baz/nginx:1.0"
    ]
  }
}

ListImageCache

获取镜像缓存列表。

Http Request

GET /apis/eci.alibabacloud.com/v1/imagecaches

curl request example

curl -X GET 'http://127.0.0.1:8001/apis/eci.alibabacloud.com/v1/imagecaches'

curl response example

{
  "apiVersion": "eci.alibabacloud.com/v1",
  "items": [
    {
      "apiVersion": "eci.alibabacloud.com/v1",
      "kind": "ImageCache",
      "metadata": {
        "annotations": {
          "kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration": "{\"apiVersion\":\"eci.alibabacloud.com/v1\",\"kind\":\"ImageCache\",\"metadata\":{\"annotations\":{},\"name\":\"imagecache-secrets-test\"},\"spec\":{\"imagePullSecrets\":[\"default:acr-test\"],\"images\":[\"registry.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/baz/nginx:1.0\"]}}\n"
        },
        "creationTimestamp": "2019-10-10T01:43:48Z",
        "generation": 1,
        "name": "imagecache-secrets-test",
        "resourceVersion": "646375979",
        "selfLink": "/apis/eci.alibabacloud.com/v1/imagecaches/imagecache-secrets-test",
        "uid": "67460461-eaff-11e9-9774-b2c06862f69a"
      },
      "spec": {
        "imagePullSecrets": [
          "default:acr-test"
        ],
        "images": [
          "registry.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/baz/nginx:1.0"
        ]
      },
      "status": {
        "imageCacheId": "imc-2ze5xnx4yiply807zo0o",
        "lastUpdatedTime": "2019-10-10T01:47:14Z",
        "phase": "Ready",
        "progress": "100%",
        "startTime": "2019-10-10T01:43:49Z"
      }
    }
  ],
  "kind": "ImageCacheList",
  "metadata": {
    "continue": "",
    "resourceVersion": "647062964",
    "selfLink": "/apis/eci.alibabacloud.com/v1/imagecaches"
  }
}

GetImageCache

获取某一个镜像缓存的相信信息。

Http Request

GET /apis/eci.alibabacloud.com/v1/imagecaches/{name}

curl request example

curl -X GET 'http://127.0.0.1:8001/apis/eci.alibabacloud.com/v1/imagecaches/imagecache-secrets-test'

curl response example

{
  "apiVersion": "eci.alibabacloud.com/v1",
  "kind": "ImageCache",
  "metadata": {
    "annotations": {
      "kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration": "{\"apiVersion\":\"eci.alibabacloud.com/v1\",\"kind\":\"ImageCache\",\"metadata\":{\"annotations\":{},\"name\":\"imagecache-secrets-test\"},\"spec\":{\"imagePullSecrets\":[\"default:acr-test\"],\"images\":[\"registry.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/baz/nginx:1.0\"]}}\n"
    },
    "creationTimestamp": "2019-10-10T01:43:48Z",
    "generation": 1,
    "name": "imagecache-secrets-test",
    "resourceVersion": "646375979",
    "selfLink": "/apis/eci.alibabacloud.com/v1/imagecaches/imagecache-secrets-test",
    "uid": "67460461-eaff-11e9-9774-b2c06862f69a"
  },
  "spec": {
    "imagePullSecrets": [
      "default:acr-test"
    ],
    "images": [
      "registry.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/baz/nginx:1.0"
    ]
  },
  "status": {
    "imageCacheId": "imc-2ze5xnx4yiply807zo0o",
    "lastUpdatedTime": "2019-10-10T01:47:14Z",
    "phase": "Ready",
    "progress": "100%",
    "startTime": "2019-10-10T01:43:49Z"
  }
}
                        

DeleteImageCache

删除指定镜像缓存。

Http Request

DELETE /apis/eci.alibabacloud.com/v1/imagecaches/{name}

curl request example

curl -X DELETE -H 'Content-Type: application/yaml' 'http://127.0.0.1:8001/apis/eci.alibabacloud.com/v1/imagecaches/imagecache-secrets-test'

curl response example

  "kind": "Status",
  "apiVersion": "v1",
  "metadata": {},
  "status": "Success",
  "details": {
    "name": "imagecache-secrets-test",
    "group": "eci.alibabacloud.com",
    "kind": "imagecaches",
    "uid": "67460461-eaff-11e9-9774-b2c06862f69a"
  }
}        

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